*1. Core Courses* 

Fundamental subjects providing advanced theoretical and technical knowledge: 

- *Advanced Digital Signal Processing* 

  - Discrete-time signals, transforms (Z, FFT), filter design, adaptive filtering, multirate systems, applications in audio/image processing. 

- *Modern Communication Systems* 

  - Modulation techniques, error control coding, wireless protocols (4G/5G), MIMO, satellite communication, IoT. 

- *VLSI Design* 

  - CMOS fabrication, digital/analogue circuit design, FPGA, ASIC, low-power design, verification tools (Cadence, SPICE). 

- *RF and Microwave Engineering* 

  - Transmission lines, antenna design, microwave devices (waveguides, filters), radar systems, RF circuit simulation (HFSS, ADS). 

- *Embedded Systems* 

  - Real-time OS, microcontroller programming (ARM, PIC), sensor integration, IoT applications. 

- *Optical Communication* 

  - Fiber optics, WDM, optical amplifiers, laser systems, photonic networks. 

- *Wireless Networks* 

  - Cellular architecture, MAC protocols, network security, 5G/6G technologies. 

 

*2. Elective Courses (Specialization Tracks)* 

Students often choose electives aligned with career goals. Common tracks include: 

 

*A. Communication Systems* 

- Wireless Communication 

- Satellite & Radar Systems 

- IoT and Sensor Networks 

- 5G/6G Technologies 

 

*B. VLSI and Embedded Systems* 

- Analog/Mixed-Signal IC Design 

- FPGA-Based System Design 

- Low-Power VLSI 

- Hardware Security 

 

*C. Signal Processing & AI* 

- Machine Learning for Signal Processing 

- Image/Video Processing 

- Biomedical Signal Analysis 

- AI in Wireless Systems 

 

*D. RF/Antenna Design* 

- Antenna Theory & Design 

- Microwave Integrated Circuits 

- Terahertz Technology 

- Computational Electromagnetics 

 

*E. Emerging Areas* 

- Quantum Computing Basics 

- Nanoelectronics 

- Biomedical Instrumentation 

- Renewable Energy Systems 

 

*3. Labs & Practical Work* 

Hands-on experience with industry-standard tools: 

- *Advanced DSP Lab*: MATLAB/Simulink, Python. 

- *Communication Systems Lab*: Software-defined radio (GNU Radio), network simulators (NS3). 

- *VLSI Design Lab*: Cadence, Verilog/VHDL, FPGA kits. 

- *RF/Microwave Lab*: Antenna measurement, HFSS, CST. 

 

*4. Seminars & Research Methodology* 

- *Research Seminars*: Critical analysis of recent papers, presentations on emerging topics. 

- *Technical Writing & Ethics*: Thesis structuring, LaTeX, plagiarism guidelines, grant proposals. 

 

*5. Thesis/Dissertation (6–12 months)* 

- Original research in a specialization (e.g., AI-driven signal processing, 6G network design). 

- Requires proposal, mid-term review, final defence, and publication. 

 

*6. Additional Components* 

- *Internships/Industry Projects*: Collaboration with tech firms (e.g., Qualcomm, Intel). 

- *Teaching Assistantships*: Support undergrad labs or tutorials. 

- *Workshops*: Entrepreneurship, IP rights, patent filing.