Semester-wise  Syllabus for MSc Biotechnology

Semester 1: Foundation Courses

1. Molecular Biology

   • DNA replication, transcription, translation, gene regulation

   • Recombinant DNA technology

   • Prokaryotic & eukaryotic genome organization

2. Biochemistry

   • Biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids)

   • Enzymology & metabolic pathways

3. Cell Biology

   • Cell structure, organelles, cell cycle, signaling

   • Stem cells & cancer biology

4. Microbiology & Immunology

   • Microbial physiology, virology

   • Innate & adaptive immunity, vaccines

5. Biostatistics & Bioinformatics

   • Basics of statistical analysis

   • Sequence alignment, databases (NCBI, PDB)

6. Lab Work

   • DNA/RNA isolation, PCR, gel electrophoresis

   • Microbial culturing & staining techniques

Semester 2: Advanced Concepts

1. Genetic Engineering

   • Gene cloning, vectors (plasmids, BACs, YACs)

   • CRISPR, RNA interference

2. Enzyme Technology & Bioprocess Engineering

   • Enzyme kinetics, immobilization

   • Fermentation technology, bioreactors

3. Immunotechnology

   • Monoclonal antibodies, ELISA, flow cytometry

4. Plant & Animal Biotechnology

   • Transgenic plants, tissue culture

   • Animal cloning, hybridoma technology

5. Research Methodology

   • Scientific writing, experimental design

6. Lab Work

   • Protein purification (SDS-PAGE, chromatography)

   • ELISA, Western blotting

Semester 3: Specializations & Electives

1. Medical Biotechnology

   • Gene therapy, pharmacogenomics, nanobiotechnology

2. Industrial Biotechnology

   • Microbial fermentation, biofuels, bioplastics

3. Environmental Biotechnology

   • Bioremediation, waste management

4. Bioinformatics & Omics

   • Genomics, proteomics, metabolomics

5. Electives (Choose 1-2)

   • Cancer biology, neurobiotechnology, marine biotechnology

6. Lab Work

   • Advanced PCR techniques (qRT-PCR)

   • Bioinformatics tools (BLAST, PyMol)

Semester 4: Research & Dissertation

• Project Work/Thesis (12–16 weeks)

  • Independent research in a specialized area

  • Lab/fieldwork + thesis submission

• Seminar/Viva Voce

  • Presentation & defense of research